L190 Pleco – Panaque nigrolineatus (Royal Pleco)

The L190 Royal Pleco is one of the most iconic species in the Loricariidae family. Its striking body features dark, bold stripes, a powerful armored frame, and vivid red or orange eyes. Native to the Orinoco River system, this pleco has evolved to feed primarily on submerged wood, aided by its spoon-shaped teeth and strong jaws.

Aquarium Setup
This species requires a large aquarium with excellent filtration and high oxygen levels. Provide a sand or fine gravel substrate, ample driftwood for both feeding and hiding, and moderate to strong current to mimic its natural river habitat. Use rocks and large wood pieces to create secure territories.

Water Parameters:

• Temperature: 22–30 °C (72–86 °F)

• pH: 6.5–7.5

• Hardness: Soft to moderately hard (6–15 dGH)

Diet & Nutrition
The Royal Pleco is a specialized xylophage—meaning it feeds on wood. This behavior is essential for its digestion, so real driftwood must be present at all times. Supplement its diet with:

• Algae wafers and spirulina-based pellets

• Blanched vegetables like zucchini, cucumber, and spinach

• Occasional protein sources (in very small amounts)

Avoid high-protein diets, as they can lead to digestive issues in this species.

Behavior & Compatibility
L190 Plecos are mostly peaceful and do well with similarly sized tankmates. However, they can become territorial with other bottom-dwellers, especially other plecos. Multiple individuals should only be kept together in large aquariums with plenty of space and driftwood to minimize conflict.

Breeding & Lifespan
Breeding is extremely rare in home aquariums due to the species’ size and specific requirements. In public aquariums or large dedicated setups, they may spawn in caves. The Royal Pleco has a long lifespan, often living 10 to 20 years with proper care.